Benzodiazepines in complex biological matrices:Recent updates on pretreatment and detection methods / 药物分析学报

Benzodiazepines(BDZs)are used in clinics for anxiolysis,anticonvulsants,sedative hypnosis,and muscle relaxation.They have high consumptions worldwide because of their easy availability and potential addiction.They are often used for suicide or criminal practices such as abduction and drug-facilitated sexual assault.The pharmacological effects of using small doses of BDZs and their detections from complex biological matrices are challenging.Efficient pretreatment methods followed by accurate and sensitive detections are necessary.Herein,pretreatment methods for the extraction,enrichment,and preconcentration of BDZs as well as the strategies for their screening,identification,and quantitation developed in the past five years have been reviewed.Moreover,recent advances in various methods are summarized.Characteristics and advantages of each method are encompassed.Future directions of the pretreatment and detection methods for BDZs are also reviewed.

α-amylase detection methods and applications / 生物工程学报

α-amylase is an endonucleoside hydrolase that hydrolyzes the α-1, 4-glycosidic bonds inside polysaccharides, such as starch, to generate oligosaccharides, dextrins, maltotriose, maltose and a small amount of glucose. Due to the importance of α-amylase in food industry, human health monitoring and pharmaceuticals, detection of its activity is widely required in the breeding of α-amylase producing strains, in vitro diagnosis, development of diabetes drugs, and the control of food quality. In recent years, many new α-amylase detection methods have been developed with improved speed and sensitivity. This review summarized recent processes in the development and applications of new α-amylase detection methods. The major principle of these detection methods were introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages were compared to facilitate future development and applications of α-amylase detection methods.

Characteristics of detection methods for 250 newly diagnosed leprosy cases in Hunan Province from 2013 to 2022 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract：Objective To investigate the detection methods of newly discovered leprosy cases in Hunan Province in 2013-2022, and analyze the trend of changes, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of leprosy. Methods The detailed information of newly diagnosed leprosy cases in Hunan Province from 2013 to 2022 was collected through the Leprosy Management Information System (LEPMIS), and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the detection methods of newly discovered leprosy cases. Results From 2013 to 2022, a total of 250 newly diagnosed leprosy cases were detected in Hunan Province, including 143 cases (57.20%) were found in outpatient clinics, 33 cases (13.20%) were found in clue investigations, 27 cases (10.80%) were notifiable-reported, 23 cases (9.20%) were self-reported, 11 cases (4.40%) were found in other ways (e.g., group survey), 9 cases (3.60%) were found in contact examinations, 2 cases (0.80%) were found in census, and 2 cases (0.80%) were found in epidemic point inspection. From 2013 to 2022, the number of cases detected in outpatient clinics showed an upward trend (rs=0.515), while the cases detected in clue investigation (rs=-0.873), notifiable-reported (rs=-0.127), self-reported (rs=-0.301), contact examination (rs=-0.363), census (rs=-0.701) and epidemic point inspection (rs=-0.701) showed a downward trend. The majority of leprosy cases with different demography characteristics and clinical characteristics were found through outpatient clinics, except that the majority of leprosy cases in children were found by contact examination (66.76%). Of 165 male cases, 92 cases (55.76%) were found in outpatient clinics and 51 out of 85 female cases (60.00%) were found in outpatient clinics. Among age groups, 113 out of 187 cases aged 15 to 60 (60.43%) and 30 out of 60 cases aged over 60 (50.00%) were found in outpatient clinics. Among patients with differentoccupations, 112 out of 208 cases of farmers (53.85%) and 31 out of 42 cases of other occupations (73.81%) were found inoutpatient clinics. Among cases with different types of leprosy, 111 out of 185 cases of multibacillary leprosy (60.00%) and 32 out of 65 cases of paucibacillary leprosy (49.23%) were found in outpatient clinics. Among cases with different numbers of skin lesions, 4 out of 8 cases of skin lesion-free leprosy (50.00%), 3 out of 9 cases of single skin lesion leprosy (33.33%), and 136 out of 233 cases of multiple skin lesions leprosy (58.37%) were found in outpatient clinics. Of 72 cases without nerve damage, 48 cases (66.67%) were found in outpatient clinics. Of 27 cases with single nerve damage, 17 cases (62.96%) were found in outpatient clinics. Of 151 cases with multiple nerve damage, 78 cases (51.66%) were found in outpatient clinics. Among patients with different levels of malformation, 58 out of 102 cases with no malformation (56.86%), 28 out of 45 cases with Grade malformation (62.22%), 35 out of 68 cases with Grade Ⅱmalformation (51.47%), and 22 out of 35 cases with other types of malformation (62.86%) were found in outpatient clinics. Conclusions Outpatient clinics is the main way to detect newlydiagnosed leprosy cases under the low prevalence of leprosy in Hunan Province, and it is an important strategy to move the early detection of leprosy cases to comprehensive medical institutions in the future.

Research progress on detection methods of pyrethroid insecticide residues in human biomaterials / 环境与职业医学

In recent years, due to the wide use of pyrethroid insecticides, the impact of pyrethroid insecticides on human health cannot be ignored. Therefore, how to detect pyrethroid insecticide residues in human body accurately and efficiently has become a research hotspot. However, it is difficult to detect pyrethroid insecticides because of its low residues and fast metabolism. Our article reviewed research on the detection of pyrethroid pesticide residues in human biomaterials in recent years, listed various pretreatment methods and detection methods of different biomaterials in detail, as well as summarized reported limits of detection, limits of quantitation, and recoveries of different methods. Finally, we prospected further development in detection methods of pyrethroid pesticide residues in human biomaterials.

Immunological and biossensory techniques for detection of Salmonella spp. in food derived from fish farming- review / Técnicas imunológicas e biossensoriais para detecção de Salmonella spp. em alimentos derivados da piscicultura ­ revisão de literatura / Técnicas inmunológicas y biosensoriales para detección de Salmonella spp. en alimentos derivados de piscicultura - revisión de literatura

Salmonellosis is the world's most common foodborne illness. In Brazil, foods contaminated by salmonella lead the statistics. Therefore, the aim of this study is, through biotechnological knowledge, to compile alternative and innovative techniques for the detection of salmonella in foods, such as fish-farming derivatives, immunological and biosensorial techniques. This is a descriptive exploratory data survey of a qualitative nature, aiming at data analysis. Research and data collection were carried out in bibliographic databases: Academic Google, Scielo, CAPES journals and institutional repositories using specific descriptors - in Portuguese and English, with words and terms separated by the Boolean operators 'AND' and 'OR'. Some innovative and alternative methods are available to identify the presence of salmonella in food. Immunological and biosensory techniques, despite being less frequent in the scientific literature than molecular methods, are techniques that present high specificity and sensitivity. These techniques have been the most developed alternative methods in fish in recent years. And, they can employ both molecular and immunological techniques in biorecognition, which is characterized as an advantage of not having a requirement for pre-enrichment of the sample. According to the literature found, the techniques covered in this study are quick to respond, which speeds up decision-making by researchers and technicians, which makes the techniques very promising for industrial application.(AU)

A salmonelose é uma enfermidade de maior ocorrência no mundo veiculada por alimentos. No Brasil, alimentos contaminados por salmonelas lideram as estatísticas. Por isso, o objetivo desse estudo é através dos conhecimentos biotecnológicos compilar técnicas alternativas e inovadoras para a detecção de salmonelas em alimentos, como os derivados da piscicultura, as técnicas imunológicas e biossensoriais. Trata-se de um estudo de levantamento de dados descritivo exploratório de de caráter qualitativo, visando à análise dos dados. As pesquisas e coletas de dados foram realizadas nas bases bibliográficas: Google Acadêmico, Scielo, periódicos da CAPES e repositórios institucionais utilizando os descritores específicos - nos idiomas português e inglês, com palavras e termos separados pelos operadores booleanos 'AND' e 'OR'. São disponibilizados alguns métodos inovadores e alternativos para identificação da presença de salmonelas em alimentos. As técnicas imunológicas e biossensoriais, apesar de serem menos frequentes na literatura científica do que os métodos moleculares são técnicas que apresentaram elevada especificidade e sensibilidade. Essas técnicas têm sido os métodos alternativos mais desenvolvidos em peixes nos últimos anos. E, podem empregar tanto técnicas moleculares como imunológicas no biorreconhecimento, o que se caracteriza como vantagem de não haver requerimento de pré-enriquecimento da amostra. Conforme a literatura encontrada, as técnicas abordadas por esse estudo apresentam rapidez de resposta o que agiliza as tomadas de decisões dos pesquisadores e técnicos, o que torna as técnicas bastante promissora para aplicação industrial.(AU)

La salmonelosis es la enfermedad transmitida por alimentos más común del mundo. En Brasil, los alimentos contaminados por salmonelas lideran las estadísticas. Por tanto, el objetivo de ese estudio fue a través de conocimientos biotecnológicos recopilar técnicas alternativas e innovadoras para la detección de salmonelas en los alimentos, como los derivados de la piscicultura, las técnicas inmunológicas y biosensoriales. Se trata de una encuesta de datos exploratorio descriptivo de carácter cualitativo, cuyo objetivo es el análisis de datos. Las investigaciones y recopilaciones de datos se realizaron en bases de datos bibliográficas: Google Académico, Scielo, revistas CAPES y repositorios institucionales utilizando descriptores específicos, en portugués e inglés, con palabras y términos separados por los operadores booleanos 'AND' y 'OR'. Se encuentran disponibles algunos métodos innovadores y alternativos para identificar la presencia de salmonela en los alimentos. Las técnicas inmunológicas y biosensoriales, a pesar de ser menos frecuentes en la literatura científica que los métodos moleculares, son técnicas de alta especificidad y sensibilidad. Esas técnicas han sido los métodos alternativos más desarrollados en peces en los últimos años. Y pueden emplear técnicas tanto moleculares como inmunológicas en el biorreconocimiento, que se caracteriza por la ventaja de no tener un requisito de preenriquecimiento de la muestra. Según la literatura encontrada, las técnicas abordadas en este estudio son de rápida respuesta, lo que agiliza la toma de decisiones por parte de investigadores y técnicos, lo que hace que las técnicas sean muy prometedoras para la aplicación industrial.(AU)

Innovative approaches to improve serodiagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection

ABSTRACT Strongyloidiasis is a helminthiasis of neglected condition that has no gold standard parasitological diagnosis due to the intermittent release of larvae in feces. This study aimed to use an scFv (single chain variable fragment) obtained by Phage Display, previously validated to detect immune complexes in serum samples from individuals infected with Strongyloides stercoralis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Now the ability of scFv to detect the immune complexes was verified by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry using magnetic beads and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). As ELISA, the SPR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry demonstrated the ability of scFv to detect immune complexes in sera from individuals with strongyloidiasis and discriminate them from sera of individuals with other parasitic diseases and healthy individuals. Besides de conventional ELISA, the novel approaches can also be promptly applied as auxiliary diagnostic tools to the existing parasitological method for accurate diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis.

Detection methods of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes have been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases due to its many virtues. Therefore, its accurate and effective detection with low cost is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the detection methods and newest progress of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes. METHODS: WanFang, Baidu Scholar, VIP, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Sinomed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge databases were retrieved for the articles concerning the detection methods of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes published between June 1997 and June 2019. The keywords were “mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, detection methods” in Chinese and English, respectively. The duplicated and poorly correlated articles were excluded, and finally 60 eligible articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The definition and biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells are summarized, and mesenchymal stem cells have been found to treat diseases by paracrine approach. (2) The definition and biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes and its potential clinical application are summarized, including immunoregulation in vivo and promotion of tissue regeneration. (3) The commonly used detection methods of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes and the newest progress are reviewed. (4) This review provides experimental basis for the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes regarding disease treatment and tissue repair.

Detection methods of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes have been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases due to its many virtues. Therefore, its accurate and effective detection with low cost is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the detection methods and newest progress of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes. METHODS: WanFang, Baidu Scholar, VIP, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Sinomed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge databases were retrieved for the articles concerning the detection methods of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes published between June 1997 and June 2019. The keywords were "mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, detection methods" in Chinese and English, respectively. The duplicated and poorly correlated articles were excluded, and finally 60 eligible articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The definition and biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells are summarized, and mesenchymal stem cells have been found to treat diseases by paracrine approach. (2) The definition and biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes and its potential clinical application are summarized, including immunoregulation in vivo and promotion of tissue regeneration. (3) The commonly used detection methods of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes and the newest progress are reviewed. (4) This review provides experimental basis for the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes regarding disease treatment and tissue repair.

Research advances of fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances / 中国药科大学学报

@#Fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances are a series of synthetic and powerful anesthetics represented by fentanyl. In recent years,the abuse and trafficking of these substances in many countries around the world are serious which poses a great threat to people"s health and social stability. This paper focuses on the abuse,pharmacological and toxicological action,detection methods and control of fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances and aims to enhance people"s understanding of their basic properties,current research and control so as to provide references for future research.

Analysis on quality evaluation and control methods of Chinese medicine polysaccharide / 中国中药杂志

Chinese medicine polysaccharide is an important active biological macromolecule, which has a broad application prospect. However, there are still many deficiencies in the quality evaluation and control of polysaccharides. Based on the existing problems in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides, current review analyzes the methods of extraction, separation and purification, characteristic identification, content determination and structure analysis of Chinese medicine polysaccharides, and draws the following conclusions: ①Based on the clinical application of Chinese medicine, decoction is recommended as the extraction method in the basic study of effective substances of Chinese medicine polysaccharides; ②On the basis of impurity removal, HPGPC can achieve the separation, purification and content determination of Chinese medicine polysaccharides at the same time, supplemented by MS or NMR can achieve the quantitative and qualitative analysis of Chinese medicine polysaccharides; ③Based on the characteristic identification, select the suitable pure polysaccharide, dextran or monosaccharide reference; ④HPSEC-MALLS-RID is specific, accurate, and beneficial to the study of structure-activity mechanism of polysaccharides. The review suggested that the comprehensive evaluation and control of the quality of Chinese medicine polysaccharides should be based on extraction, separation and purification, on the premise of characteristic identification, on the basis of content determination, supplemented by structural analysis, which is to provide useful reference for the quality research of Chinese medicine polysaccharides.

Circulating tumor cells in pancreatic cancer patients: progression in the detection methods and clinical application / 中华外科杂志

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) disseminate from primary tumors by undergoing epithelial mesenchymal transition that allow their entry into the circulation to drive metastatic formation in pancreatic cancer patients.Technological advances in detection and characterization of CTC are conducive to the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, monitoring disease progression and predicating the probability of canceration or the chemotherapeutic efficacy. Nowadays, detection methods of CTC can be based on immunomagnetic beads technique, cell filtration or microfluidic chips technology, but there are great differences in the sample throughput, CTC recovery rate, purity, and CTC viability among them.Owing to the dilemma in detection methods, the intrinsic relevance between the biological characteristics of CTC and clinical manifestations is still not exactly elucidated. By the improved methodology, next generation sequencing technology and exploring the technique for culturing CTC in vitro and establishing xenotransplanted tumor model in nude mice, more and more biological information will be revealed, and finally, individualized treatment is achieved.

Epidemiological characteristics of herpes simplex virus / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) commonly causes orolabial ulcers. However, HSV-1 has become an increasing cause of genital infection in recent years and found to have close relationship associated with Alzheimer′s disease. HSV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. It has been received renewed attention in recent years, due to improvements in the understanding of the epidemiological synergy between HSV and other severe diseases, including HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and even neurocognitive impairment. In the context of global renewed attention and responses to HSV infection, we summarize the epidemic of HSV infection at home and abroad in this review, to provide an overview of the data available on HSV infections situation, trends and responses.

Epidemiological characteristics of herpes simplex virus / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) commonly causes orolabial ulcers. However, HSV-1 has become an increasing cause of genital infection in recent years and found to have close relation-ship associated with Alzheimer′s disease. HSV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted dis-eases. It has been received renewed attention in recent years, due to improvements in the understanding of the epidemiological synergy between HSV and other severe diseases, including HIV, sexually transmitted in-fections, and even neurocognitive impairment. In the context of global renewed attention and responses to HSV infection, we summarize the epidemic of HSV infection at home and abroad in this review, to provide an overview of the data available on HSV infections situation, trends and responses.

Detection methods of avian influenza - current and novel approaches

@# Avian influenza (AI), caused by the avian strain of influenza A virus (AIV) is one of the significant health concerns globally. Human infections with AI viruses were reported sporadically and often exhibited high mortality and morbidity rate. AI outbreaks also influenced the safety of the food supply and caused significant economic losses. Immediate control measures are required during AI outbreaks in poultry to prevent further viruses spreading. Hence, accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection methods are pivotal for decision making. Traditional methods of detection, such as virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs, immuno-based methods, and nucleic acid amplification method, pose different limitations. These always grab the attention of researchers to improve existing methods or invent novel diagnostic approaches to compensate for the shortcoming of current methods applied. However, the method of choice is highly dependent on the availability of facilities and resources. Among the detection methods, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most favourable method used for detecting AIV. However, a constant review of the virus genome is crucial to maintain the assay’s sensitivity. More comprehensive research and evaluation study are needed for new diagnostic approaches.

Panorama general de los organismos genéticamente modificados en Colombia y en el mundo: Capacidad nacional de detección / Overview of genetically modified organisms in Colombia and worldwide: National detection capabilities

RESUMEN Los organismos genéticamente modificados (OGM) y en particular los cultivos genéticamente modificados (GM), son el resultado de la modificación de la información genética de una especie a partir del uso de la biotecnología moderna para proporcionar nuevas características que su contraparte no modificada no posee, tales como resistencia a insectos, tolerancia a herbicidas, contenido de nutrientes entre otros. La mayor parte de estos cultivos se concentran en cuatro productos: soya (Glycine max), maíz (Zea Mays), canola (Brassica napus) y algodón (Gossypium hirsutum); y los principales productores son Estados Unidos, Brasil, Argentina, India y Canadá. Por su parte, Colombia ocupa el puesto 18 con cultivos de maíz, algodón y claveles azules. La introd uc-ción de estas especies en cualquier mercado está limitada por la legislación propia del país destino, así como por los estudios que permiten establecer su efecto sobre el medio ambiente, la salud humana y animal; en este sentido, la precisión y confianza de las técnicas analíticas empleadas en la evaluación del contenido de OGM son un elemento importante para la toma de decisiones basadas en evidencias objetivas, especialmente frente al debate en torno a su uso. Este documento presenta una revisión de las tecnologías de análisis más importantes disponibles a nivel mundial, frente a las capacidades nacionales para su detección.

ABSTRACT Genetically modified organisms (GMO) and particularly genetically modified (GM) crops are the result of modifying the genetic information of a species through the use of modern biotechnology to provide new features that are nonexistent in the unmodified counterpart, such as resistance to insects, tolerance to herbicides, and nutrient content, among others. Most of these crops are concentrated in four products: soy (Glycine max), corn (Zea Mays), canola (Brassica napus) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), with the United States, Brazil, Argentina, India and Canada as their main producers. Colombia, meanwhile, ranks 18th worldwide, with corn, cotton and blue carnation crops. The introduction of these species into any market is limited by the legislation of the destination country, as well as by studies that can establish the effect of the GM crop on the environment and human and animal health. For this reason, the accuracy and reliability of analytical techniques used to evaluate GMO content are important for decisionmaking based on objective evidence, especially in terms of the debate surrounding their use. Therefore, the following document presents a review of the most important GM crop analysis technologies in the world, vis a vis national detection capabilities.

Detection of Campylobacter spp. in chilled and frozen broiler carcasses comparing immunoassay, PCR and real time PCR methods / Detecção de Campylobacter spp. em carcaças de frango de corte resfriadas e congeladas pelos métodos imunoenzimático, PCR e PCR em tempo real

ABSTRACT: In order to detect and identify Campylobacter spp. in broiler chicken carcasses, and to compare detection methods, 43 chilled and 43 frozen carcasses were collected and analyzed. Three methodologies were evaluated: an automated Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) VIDAS®30, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. Only four chilled carcasses (4.6%) were considered positive for Campylobacter spp. by VIDAS®30 and no sample was positive when the conventional PCR technique was used. However, real-time PCR showed a higher incidence of contamination by Campylobacter spp. in broiler carcasses, with 45 (52.3%) positive samples. C. jejuni was the species most frequently reported in the samples (88.8%). No differences in the frequencies of Campylobacter spp. were observed between the chilled and frozen broiler carcasses. In conclusion, real-time PCR was the most sensitive method for the detection of Campylobacter spp. in chilled or frozen broiler carcasses, which were mainly contaminated by C. jejuni.

RESUMO: Com o objetivo de detectar e identificar Campylobacter spp. em carcaças de frango de corte utilizando três metodologias distintas - ensaio imunoenzimático VIDAS®30, Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e PCR em tempo real - foram coletadas e analisadas 43 carcaças de frango resfriadas e 43 congeladas. Quatro carcaças refrigeradas (4,6%) foram consideradas positivas para Campylobacter spp. pelo VIDAS®30 e nenhuma amostra positiva foi identificada quando utilizada a técnica de PCR. Porém, ao analisar as carcaças pela metodologia da PCR em tempo real, foi observada uma maior incidência de Campylobacter spp., com 45 amostras (52,3%) positivas, sendo que Campylobacter jejuni foi a espécie mais frequentemente encontrada nas amostras (88,8%). Não foi observada diferença na frequência do micro-organismo entre carcaças de frangos resfriadas e congeladas. Concluiu-se que a técnica de PCR em tempo real apresentou maior sensibilidade na detecção de Campylobacter spp. em carcaças de frangos de corte e que foi encontrada elevada presença de carcaças contaminadas, especialmente por C. jejuni.

Clinical value of rapid detection method in pathogens of respiratory tract infection / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical application value of rapid detection method for respiratory tract influenza virus and mycoplasma pneumonia(MP).Methods 386 cases were selected from patients with respiratory infections in our hospital from Janu-ary 2011 to December 2015 in the study,nasopharyngeal secretions A,B influenza virus were detected by gold immunchromato-graphic assay,the Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)was detected by rapid culture,and pathogens-IgM were detected by immunofluo-rescence assay.In the end,the two rapid detection detection method were compared with immunofluorescence assay.Results 386 cases of respiratory tract infections patients were detected by immunofluorescence assay,54 cases were found influenza A virus in-fection,the positive rate was 13.59%,37 cases were found influenza B virus infection,the positive rate was 9.59%,61 cases were found MP infection,the positive rate was 15.80%.In detections of influenza A virus infection and influenza B virus infection,im-munchromatographic assay sensitivity were 20.37%,18.92% and specificity were 93.41%,92.77%.In detection of MP infection, rapid culture sensitivity was 37.70% and specificity was 89.85%.Conclusion Rapid detection of respiratory influenza virus,MP infection sensitivity is low,only as a supplementary means of indirect immunofluorescence assay clinically.

Application of detection methods for iodine content in human body / 中华地方病学杂志

Iodine is an important raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones,both iodine deficiency and iodine excess can lead to severe thyroid diseases,its role in thyroid diseases has increasingly been recognized.Determination of iodine in the human body has also become an important means of iodine nutrition assessment.The currently iodine detection methods for human body including determination of urinary,serum,hair and nail iodine content,it also include iodine content in thyroid by medical imaging and in thyroid tissue specimens by surgery.The author summarizes the application of the above methods for the detection of iodine content.

Toxicology, biosynthesis, bio-control of aflatoxin and new methods of detection

Mycotoxins and their derivatives since their discoveries and until the present time are behind unspecified economic and medical damages. Aflatoxins are classified according to their physical–chemical and toxicological characters in the most dangerous row of the mycotoxins. These aflatoxins are in part responsible, of irreversible medical disasters that are not easily manageable such as cancer of the liver and kidneys, and in the other part, of losses in the stored cereal products. Based on these crucial findings, monitoring of this toxin became imperative in post-harvest food products, during storage, during transformation chain and even during the long phases of conservation. Vigilance of this toxin is delivered by detection methods using very advanced technologies to respond in the shortest possible times. In addition, the knowledge of factors supporting the biosynthesis of aflatoxins such as the temperature, moisture content, concentration of nitrogen and carbon, and the molecules responsible for the genetic control of the synthesis will be reflected later in the choice of bio-control techniques. This control is currently based on new strategies using the bioactives substances of the plants, the lactic bacteria and some strains of actinomycetes that have good inhibiting activity against aflatoxins with fewer side effects on Man. On the other hand, this brief review summarizes the results of new studies demonstrating the toxicity of the toxin, new detection methods and bio-control.

Toxicology, biosynthesis, bio-control of aflatoxin and new methods of detection

Mycotoxins and their derivatives since their discoveries and until the present time are behind unspecified economic and medical damages. Aflatoxins are classified according to their physical–chemical and toxicological characters in the most dangerous row of the mycotoxins. These aflatoxins are in part responsible, of irreversible medical disasters that are not easily manageable such as cancer of the liver and kidneys, and in the other part, of losses in the stored cereal products. Based on these crucial findings, monitoring of this toxin became imperative in post-harvest food products, during storage, during trans-formation chain and even during the long phases of conservation. Vigilance of this toxin is delivered by detection methods using very advanced technologies to respond in the shortest possible times. In addition, the knowledge of factors supporting the biosynthesis of aflatoxins such as the temperature, moisture content, concentration of nitrogen and carbon, and the molecules responsible for the genetic control of the synthesis will be reflected later in the choice of bio-control techniques. This control is currently based on new strategies using the bioactives substances of the plants, the lactic bacteria and some strains of actinomycetes that have good inhibiting activity against aflatoxins with fewer side effects on Man. On the other hand, this brief review summarizes the results of new studies demonstrating the toxicity of the toxin, new detection methods and bio-control.